Health and information technologies

Model-based approach to control over concurrency in interactive cscw applications. Application to telemedicine

Yannick BOUILLON*, Fabrice WENDLING*

* Laboratoire de Traitement du Signal et de l'Image, INSERM - Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes CEDEX, France

Abstract:  The aim of this paper is to present a model-based approach (Petri Net) to control over concurrency and solve the problem of event collision in cscw interactive software applications. Theoretical background is provided and experimental results are illustrated through telemedicine applications. From the user viewpoint, progress is achieved: the natural use of these applications is strongly enhanced and the reliability level is increased. This new approach may be applied to a large set of interactive collaborative applications as well as in the control of user interfaces. It led to an international patent application n° pct/fr02/04472 entitled : "Management procedure for synchronous collaborative session integrated in a distributed supervisored application".

Key words: Group work, Groupware, Tele-medecine, Modeling, Petri net, Collision detection, Iterative mode, Computer aid

Medical images, security and watermarking

Gouenou COATRIEUX*,**, Henri MAÎTRE*

* Dpt. TSI, Télécom Paris ; 46, rue Barrault 75634, Paris CEDEX 13, France

** LTSI-inserm, Université Rennes I, France

Abstract:  In this article, security issues for medical information and technical solutions to protect these data in Medical Information Systems are examined. We then introduce the watermarking as a complementary security tool. The relevance of this new technology in healthcare is discussed from the application viewpoints and through the implementation constraints. A solution is proposed, based on an original approach which consists in watermarking image areas that are not relevant for the diagnosis. This system is transparent to the user and allows image integrity control. In addition, it provides information on the location of potential alterations and an evaluation of image modifications which is of major importance in a medico-legal framework. An example using head Magnetic Resonance Imaging illustrates the overall method.

Key words: Medical imagery, Security, Watermarking, Information system, Information protection

Medical imaging: from 2D to 3D, specific problems of tomographic reconstruction in positron emission tomography

Yves BIZAIS*, Frédéric LAMARE*, Alexandre TURZO*, Dimitris VISVIKIS*

* Biophysique, Latim Inserm ERM 0102, UBO, 29609 Brest CEDEX, France.

Abstract:  1917: Radon shows that a function can, be recontructed from its projections. For 60 years, the implementation of this theory to analogue data is a failure because the measurement noise is drastically amplified. 1970 : Hounsifeld applies Radon's theory to digital data and builds the first x-ray CT scanner. His approach is generalized to many imaging modalities (nuclear medicine, MRI). 2000 : 2D x-ray digital detectors make it possible to develop volumetric x-ray CT and Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is recognized as a major diagnostic tool in Oncology. For these purposes, fully 3D reconstruction algorithms are developed. This paper explains the technological and clinical interest of a fully 3D approach and the need to digitally process data to optimally use information. We focus on the relationship between the nature of data, the detector technology and available reconstruction methods.

Key words: Medicine, Medical imagery, Tomography, Image reconstruction, Tridimensional image, Positron, Analytical method, Iteration

An indexed atlas of digital mammograms for computer-aided diagnosis of breast cancer

Hilary ALTO¹, Rangaraj M. RANGAYYAN^1,2,*, Raman B. PARANJAPE³, J.E. Leo DESAUTELS^1,4, Heather BRYANT⁵

1. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta, CANADA T2N 1N4.

2. Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, 2 500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta, CANADA T2N 1N4.

3. Electronic Systems Engineering, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, Saskatchewan, CANADA S4S 0A2

4. Screen Test, Alberta, 120, 1 040 7 th Avenue S.W., Calgary, Alberta, CANADA T2P 3G9 5. Alberta Cancer Board, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, 1 331-29 th Street N.W., Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T2N 4N2

Abstract:  Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems are being developed to assist radiologists in the interpretation of ambiguous mammographic features corresponding to possible signs of early breast cancer. Databases of digital mammograms are needed for testing such systems; we present an overview of a few such databases. Most databases are limited to single-exam sets of two or four mammograms on which the diagnosis was made, some ground-truth information related to the position of diagnostically significant mammographic features, and the diagnosis. We propose the design of a comprehensive, indexed atlas of digital mammograms. The design of an appropriate indexing scheme facilitates the implementation of content-based retrieval techniques needed for efficient access to and retrieval of relevant cases from the atlas. We also propose the use of mobile software agents for facilitating remote consultation of the atlas. Mobile agents can move between data sources such as the atlas and hospital repositories, perform computational tasks at each site, and return only relevant data to the user. These features reduce the computational requirements of the local computer system, bandwidth requirements, and overall network traffic. Proposed applications of the atlas include research, remote consultation, teaching, evaluation of CAD systems, and self-evaluation by radiologists.

Key words: Medicine, Medical imagery, Medical diagnostic, Radiography, Computer aid, Database, Intelligent agent, Telemedicine, Database query

From hospital information systems to health information systems

Régis BEUSCART*, Jean-Marie RENARD* , Nathalie SOUF**

* Département de l'information médicale (DIM), Centre Hospitalier, Régional Universitaire, Lille, France

** CERIM, Faculté de Médecine de Lille, 1 place de Verdun F-59045 Lille Cedex - France.

Abstract:  With the current development of Hospital Information Systems in Public Hospitals and Private Clinics, and the general informatization of family doctors, it is obvious that the electronic communication of medical data is the next step for a more rapid and efficient communication in the medical sector. Many of the available solutions are rarely generalizable. Some are simple to install for instance : securized medical e-mail ; shared patient records, medical portals. Other solutions are more flexible, and can integrate the previous ones. It is the case of Inter-Mediation Platforms, assuring the communication of messages between hospitals, private doctors, labs, and Homecare organizations. But this solution is technically complex and the organization of such a network is not obvious in the French Healthcare System, where the cooperation between the private and public organizations would need to be reinforced.

Key words: Medicine, Information system, Telemedicine, Computerization, Cooperation

Learning habits: an essential base with the development of a « smart » home

Éric CAMPO*, Marie CHAN*, Daniel ESTÈVE*

* Laboratoire LAAS-CNRS, 7 avenue du Colonel Roche, 31077 TOULOUSE CEDEX 4, FRANCE

Abstract:  The advent of new technologies in the field of data processing, electronics and wireless communications currently support the integration of essential functions for the provision of services tailored to the user needs at home. These services are destined to address two key societal demands, i.e., keeping health costs and energy costs under control. With this objective in mind, a number of research works involving various approaches have been conducted as those carried out at LAAS for the purpose of integrating the habits and practices of home automation users. The principles under investigation rely on learning habits. Two examples of application using these concepts are presented through use of two home automation systems for a personalized behavioral monitoring of the elderly with a view to providing home care, and for the automatic management of thermal comfort. Promising results have been obtained and pave the way for efficient and cost effective systems that could be associated with other functions to contribute to the development of a truly « smart home ».

Key words: Home automation, Energy management, Safety, Monitoring, Elderly person, Health, Machine learning, Automation, Electric heating

Internet and medical training: strength and weaknesses of e-learning evaluation and critical analysis of web sites

Paul MENU*, Jean François CERISIER **, Jean François ROUET***

* Unité de chirurgie cardiaque et thoracique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Pavillon Beauchamp, 86021 Poitiers CEDEX, France

** I-media, Université de Poitiers, UFR lettres et langues, 95, av. du Recteur Pineau, Bât. A, 86022 Poitiers CEDEX, France.

*** La Co, Université de Poitiers, UFR sciences humaines et arts, MSHS, 99, av. du Recteur Pineau, 86022 Poitiers CEDEX, France.

Abstract:  Medical field is a good example of how new information and communication technologies may be used to spread knowledge. The number of medical sites, for large public as well for students and physicians, is growing day after day, and new generations of physicians find there a lot of information, up to date. In this paper, we propose to examine in which conditions their use will be benefit. We will focus our attention especially on medical site quality control.

Key words: Medicine, Teaching, Computer aided teaching, Internet, Web site, Professional training, Quality control, Information retrieval

Telecommunications for disabled people : remote applications for disabled people and the palliation of sensorial and cognitive handicaps

Maryvonne ABRAHAM*

* GET/ENST-Bretagne B.P. 832 29285 Brest Cedex.

Abstract:  How can technical research in remote communication help the palliation of certain disabilities and how can research involving remote communication help disabled people ? We first give some crucial bases for this collaboration. Then, from a transmission support standpoint, we detail how remote installations that remove distance in sensorial perceptions can support the social insertion of handicapped people. Next, from semantic considerations, we examine how research into the understanding of linguistic systems and the interpretation of images can have applications in helping certain communication handicaps. Finally, we show different technological improvements in communication support systems, more and more efficient devices having better ergonomics, providing greater comfort for the user.

Key words: Handicapped, Telecommunication application, Social development, Information technology, Handicapped assistance, Man communication, Cognition

Adaptive Telecommunication System for disabled people

Francisco FERNÁNDEZ*, Laura M. ROA**

* Centro Universitario de Mérida, Universidad de Extremadura, C/ Calvario, 4, 06800 Mérida, Spain, fcofdez@unex.es

** Senior Member IEEE, Escuela Superior de Ingenieros, Departamento de Sistemas y Automática, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda de los Descubrimientos s/n, Sevilla, Spain

Abstract:  The tremendous growth of telecommunication networks, as well as the huge expansion of mobile phones, is allowing wider communities to access otherwise impossible resources. Information is today available everywhere, and companies are exploiting their ubiquitous presence to increase their value. In this article we will show how our work searches for the human face of technology. Making use of information and telecommunication networks endows people with the necessary set of tools to overcome their problems. In this paper we present a new methodology which is inspired in an open architecture for people with disabilities. This methodology allows them to carry out tasks that are taken for granted by most of us. We begin by describing the communication problems that handicapped people suffer. We then describe the open architecture and technology involved in the solution we are offering. Finally we present our solution for handicapped people with communication problems.

Key words: Adaptive system, Handicapped, Handicapped assistance, Information technology, Telecommunication, Software

Some comments on design of electronic travel aids for visually impaired

Edwige E. PISSALOUX*

* Laboratoire de Robotique de Paris, BP. 61, 92 265 Fontenay-aux-Roses.

Abstract:  In this paper, we focus on visual handicap in order to palliate this, thanks to advance technology. From a short description of the human perceptions of our environment, we give the structure of our analysis and of the information processing. From the state of art on assistive technologies dedicated to blind find their way, we show a new area of research. A few examples of research projects show how solutions from new information processing technologies (artificial vision, virtual reality, high density circuit, tactile systems, GPS, etc) can be used to implement new systems. These examples also allow us to determine which concepts should be targeted when designing any new assistive device for helping the blind find their way autonomously and safety. We also propose a characterization of these devices.

Key words: Handicapped assistance, Person blind, Perception, Three dimensional presentation, Obstacle, State of the art

Inclusion chain using ICT

Christian BÉRARD*

* Maître de Conférences, LAP/GRAI, Université Bordeaux 1 - CNRS UMR 5131, 33405 Talence cedex, christianberard@wanadoo.fr.

Abstract:  To design enterprises for all, individual inclusion processes must be detailed to assess precisely special needs for people to be employed. To construct an Inclusion Chain based on Information and Communication Technologies, we tried to apply classical tools used in industrial context, like GRAI-nets. Supported by several European projects, our initiative has managed to build a new type of enterprise : Inter@ctifs.Services which employs thirty handicapped or disadvantaged persons.

Key words: Handicapped, Information technology, Professional training, Social development, Telework

Speech synthesis system and handicap

Thierry MOUDENC*, Françoise EMERARD*

* France Telecom R&D, Lannion, Direction des Interactions Humaines, Laboratoire, Interactions par la Parole et les Sons, Technopole Anticipa, Rue Pierre Marzin, 22307 Lannion, France.

Abstract: A text to speech synthesis system receives as its input textual information and produces a speech signal as an output message. In the area of multimodal interfaces, problems concerning assistive communication for handicapped people requires implementation of various technologies using the "text to speech synthesis" block. This use of vocal synthesis is aimed at users with visual deficiencies or with cerebral palsy. In this article we describe the major technical advancse producing speech from text.

Key words: Handicapped, Speech synthesis, Handicapped assistance, Linguistic analysis, Concatenation, Application

Share :